Age and growth were estimated for carpet shark, common electric ray and blind electric ray from growth increments on their vertebrae and eye lenses. All three species grow moderately fast, and longevity is low to moderate compared with other elasmobranchs. Length and age at maturity, length at birth/hatching, and litter size were estimated. The length of the gestation period, and whether females have a resting period between pregnancies, are poorly known.
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